Satpura Tiger Reserve UPSC

  • The Satpura Tiger Reserve is located in the Hoshangabad district (newly named Narmadapuram) of Madhya Pradesh, India.
  • In 1981, It was established as a national park.
  • In 1999, Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve was declared as the first Biosphere Reserve of Madhya Pradesh. It includes three wildlife conservation units:
    • Bori Sanctuary
    • Pachmarhi Sanctuary
    • Satpura National Park
  • In 2000, the Satpura National Park was declared a tiger reserve under the Project Tiger initiative. It was created by merging the Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, and Satpura National Park.
  • In 2009, Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve was recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
  • Area: It covers an extensive area of approximately 2,200 square kilometers (850 square miles).
    • Core/critical tiger habitat: 1339.26 sq.km.
    • Buffer/ peripheral area: 794.04 sq.km.
    • Total: 2133.30 sq.km.
  • Hills: The Satpura Tiger Reserve is located within the Satpura Range. The reserve is named after the Satpura Range.
  • River: Denwa river passes through Satpura Tiger Reserve
  • Lake: Some of the notable lakes within or near the Satpura Tiger Reserve include:
    • Tawa Reservoir
    • Madhai Reservoir
  • Rock Shelters And Ancient Cave Paintings: There are more than 50 rock shelters within the Satpura Tiger Reserve, adorned with rock paintings depicting animals like elephants, tigers, deer, and porcupines. These paintings, estimated to be around 1,500 to 10,000 years old.
  • Flora: Southern Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest (sal, teak, mahua, tendu, and bamboo), Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest (teak, saaj, tendu, and bel), Tropical Riparian Fringing Forest (jamun, arjun, mahua, and bamboo), Southern Tropical Thorn Forest (babul, ber, khair, and tendu), Central Indian Subtropical Hill Forest (sal, bamboo, tendu, amla, and oak), Dry and Moist Grassland etc.
  • Fauna: Tiger, Leopard, Indian Bison, Indian Giant Squirrel, Leaf Nosed Bats, Eurasian Otter, Sambar, Chital, Malabar Pied Hornbill, Malabar Whistling Thrush, Paradise Flycatcher (Doodhraj), Indian Rock Python, Russell’s Viper, Common Monitor Lizard etc.
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