Corbett Tiger Reserve UPSC

  • Corbett Tiger Reserve is located in the Nainital district of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India.
  • It is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas and Kumaon and Pauri-Garhwal Regions of Uttarakhand State.
  • In 1936, Hailey National Park was established, primarily to protect the Bengal tigers. It was named after Sir Malcolm Hailey, the Governor of the United Provinces in British India.
  • It was the first national park in India.
  • In 1954, the park was renamed Ramganga National Park, reflecting the significant role of the Ramganga River that flows through the region.
  • In 1956, the park was renamed again as Jim Corbett National Park. It was named after renowned hunter-turned-conservationist Jim Corbett, who played a vital role in raising awareness about tiger conservation and establishing the park.
  • In 1973, it was declared a tiger reserve. It was the one of the first nine tiger reserves to be included in Project Tiger.
  • In 2019, the Uttarakhand state government announced the Pakhro Project. It is a part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve.
  • Area: The total area of the Corbett Tiger Reserve is approximately 1288.31 square kilometers (about 497.50 square miles).
    • Core/critical tiger habitat: 821.99 sq.km.
    • Buffer/peripheral area: 466.32 sq.km.
    • Total: 1288.31 sq.km.
  • Zones: There are various safari zones within the Corbett Tiger Reserve. These zones include:
    • Bijrani
    • Jhirna
    • Dhikala
    • Durgadevi
    • Dhela
    • Sitabani
  • Hills: The entire area of the tiger reserve is mountainous and falls within the Shivalik and Outer Himalaya geological provinces. The Shivalik Hills is also known as the Lesser Himalayas,
  • River: The major rivers that flow through the Corbett Tiger Reserve:
    • Ramganga River
    • Sonanadi River
    • Mandal River
    • Palain River
    • Kosi River
  • Valley: The Corbett Tiger Reserve is located in the Patlidoon Valley. This valley is an important valley through which the Ramganga River flows.
  • Flora: North Indian Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests (Moist Shivalik Sal, Moist Bhabar Dhun Sal, Moist Mixed Deciduous, and Alluvial Savannah Woodland), Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests (Dry Shivalik Sal, Dry Bamboo Brakes, Shivalik Chir Pine Forests, Grasslands, and Old Plantations), Open Meadows (Chaurs) etc.
  • Fauna: Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephants, Leopards, Barking Deer, Sambar Deer, Hog Deer, Chital, Sloth Bear, Himalayan Black Bears, Himalayan Goral, Indian Pangolins, Great Hornbill, Brown Fish Owl, Black Francolin, Gharial, Mugger Crocodile etc.
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