Kaziranga Tiger Reserve UPSC

  • Kaziranga Tiger Reserve is located in the Golaghat, Karbi Anglong and Nagaon districts of Assam in India.
  • The Kaziranga Tiger Reserve is primarily known for its Indian one-horned rhinoceros population.
  • In 1950, Kaziranga was designated as a wildlife sanctuary, primarily to protect the Indian one-horned rhinoceros.
  • In 1974, it was declared a national park.
  • In 1985, Kaziranga National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • In 2008-09, Kaziranga was declared a tiger reserve, known as Kaziranga Tiger Reserve.
  • Area: Kaziranga Tiger Reserve spans an area of:
    • Core area: 482.0385 sq km
    • Buffer area: 573.8555 sq km
    • Total: 1055.894 sq km
  • River: Diphlu River, also known as the Diffalu River is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River and flows through the core area of the reserve. In addition to the Diphlu River, another tributary called the Moradifalu flows along the southern boundary of the reserve.
  • Flora: Some of the prominent vegetation types found in Kaziranga:
    • Eastern Wet Alluvial Grasslands,
    • Assam Alluvial Plains Semi-Evergreen Forests (Bombax ceiba, Dillenia indica, Lagerstroemia speciosa, and Ficus species),
    • Tropical Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests (Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Albizia procera, and Tectona grandis),
    • Sandy “Chaurs”.
  • Fauna: Tiger, Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros, Eastern Swamp Deer, Asian Elephant, Wild Water Buffalo, Hoolock Gibbon, Capped Langur, Gangetic River Dolphin, Great Indian Hornbill, Bengal Florican, Bengal Monitor, Common Indian Monitor, Assam Roofed Turtle etc.
  • Kaziranga sanctuary hosts two-thirds of the world’s great One-horned Rhinoceroses.
  • Kaziranga has the largest population of the Wild Water Buffalo anywhere accounting for about 57% of the world population.
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