Great Himalayan National Park UPSC

  • The Great Himalayan National Park is located in the Banjaar Sub-Division of Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India.
  • It is situated in the western part of the Himalayan mountain range.
  • The Great Himalayan National Park is situated at junction of world’s two major biogeographic realms:
    • Indomalayan realm to the south
    • Palearctic realm to the north
  • It is bordered by the Tirthan Wildlife Sanctuary to the southeast.
  • Sainj Wildlife Sanctuary situated within Great Himalayan National Park.
  • In 1984, it was officially established by the Government of Himachal Pradesh as a protected area.
  • In 1999, the area was declared a national park under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
  • In 2014, the Great Himalayan National Park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Area: The park covers an area of about 1,171 square kilometers (452 square miles).
  • Valley: The park includes several valleys within its boundaries:
    • Tirthan Valley
    • Parvati Valley
    • Jiwa Nal Valley
    • Sainj Valley
  • River: Some notable rivers in the park:
    • Tirthan River
    • Sainj River
    • Jiwa Nal River
    • Parvati River
  • Flora: Coniferous Forests (Deodar, Blue Pine, and Chir Pine), Broadleaf Forests (Oaks, Rhododendrons, and Maple), Alpine Meadows (Kobresia, Carex), Endemic and Rare Species (Himalayan Blue Poppy, Himalayan Edelweiss and orchids.) etc.
  • Fauna: Snow Leopard, Serow, Himalayan Tahr, Musk Deer, Bharal (Blue Sheep), Himalayan Brown Bear, Himalayan Black Bear, Western Tragopan, Himalayan Griffon Vultures, Golden Eagles, Himalayan Pit Viper , Kashmir Rat Snake, Himalayan Pitless Skink etc.
  • World’s largest known population of the Western Tragopan is found in the upper part of Great Himalayan National Park.
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